The toque macaque (Macaca sinica), a monkey endemic to Sri Lanka, inhabits various biomes across the island. These primarily arboreal primates spend much of their time in trees and live in large groups structured by a clear dominance hierarchy, with the oldest male typically holding the highest rank. Highly vocal, toque macaques use warning calls to alert their group to potential dangers, such as approaching leopards.

Their diet primarily consists of fruits, supplemented by seeds, flowers, and leaves, and they use their cheek pouches to store food for later consumption. While not a major dietary component, they occasionally prey on small lizards and birds. In tourist areas, macaques have learned to scavenge discarded human food.