Axis axis ceylonensis, a subspecies of the spotted deer (Axis axis), is endemic to Sri Lanka and the island’s most common deer species. These deer typically graze in large herds in open grasslands, where the lack of cover helps them detect predators such as leopards. Their diet primarily consists of grasses, though in denser forests, they also consume fruits, berries, and leaves.

Spotted deer exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males being larger and possessing antlers. The species communicates through various vocalisations, including a “bark” alarm call primarily used by females and juveniles to alert the herd of potential threats. Spotted deer can give birth at nine months of age under optimal conditions, and fawns are nursed until around six months, after which they can safely join the herd.