The forest eagle-owl (Ketupa nipalensis), also known as the spot-bellied eagle-owl, is an elusive species that inhabits large, dense evergreen or moist deciduous forests. In Sri Lanka, it is commonly referred to as the “devil bird” or “ulama” due to its eerie, human-like shriek, which is believed to be an omen of death. This species is characterised by its greyish-brown plumage and distinctive ’horns’ or ear tufts that slant to the sides, with juveniles being notably paler than adults.

This nocturnal species spends its days concealed in the dense foliage of large forest trees, becoming active around dusk to hunt. Its diet includes small mammals, birds (up to the size of jungle fowl), lizards, snakes, and rodents. 

Breeding occurs between April and May, during which a single egg is laid in a cave or tree hollow.