The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is commonly found in wetlands, grasslands, and cultivated areas, relying heavily on water sources such as rivers, mudholes, and tanks. These animals typically live in herds and spend much of their time wallowing to stay cool during the heat of the day. The slow evaporation of mud enhances the cooling effect, while the mud itself provides protection against parasites. Thanks to their size and large horns, they are rarely targeted by Sri Lanka’s apex predator, the leopard. However, wild water buffalo face threats from interbreeding, habitat degradation, hunting, and disease.